基于虚拟样机的机车黏着控制研究

Adhesion Control of Locomotive Based on Virtual Prototype

为了抑制轮对空转并最大限度利用轮轨黏着能力,需要开发基于虚拟样机和现代控制理论的机车黏着控制技术。建立了大功率机车牵引列车及电气牵引传动系统的机电一体化动力学模型,考虑到了大蠕滑率时轮轨黏着负斜率特性、电机磁饱和及转矩机械特性,对机车驱动过程进行仿真研究。提出通过检测同一转向架内不同轴之间的最大角速度差和角加速度差,实时计算轮轨黏着度,并采用模糊控制策略的黏着控制方法。仿真结果表明:在不同轨面及运行工况下,黏着控制使得轮轨有效黏着系数保持在黏着峰值,提高了机车的牵引性能;轮对的蛇行运动使得黏着控制中产生波动现象,波动频率与蛇行运动频率一致;针对不同结构参数机车和运行工况,黏着控制参数需要优化以达到最大的轮轨黏着利用率。

In order to restrain idling of the wheel-set and to maximize the utilization of the wheel-rail adhesive capacity,we need to develop adhesion control technology of locomotive on the basis of the virtual prototype and modern control theory.The electro-mechanic dynamic model of the train system consisting of the electric system and high power hauling locomotive is established and the driving process is simulated.The model considers the negative slope characteristic of wheel-rail adhesion at large slippage rates,magnetic saturation and torque mechanical property of the pulling motor.The adhesion control method is put forward,by which the maximum difference of the angular velocities and that of the angular acceleration rates of different axes in the same bogie are detected,the real time wheel-rail adhesiveness is calculated and the fuzzy control strategy is applied.The simulation results are as follows：Adhesion control keeps the effective wheel-rail adhesive coefficient at its peak value so that the locomotive traction performance is improved with different rail surfaces and under different running conditions;hunting of wheel-sets causes fluctuations to adhesiveness,the fluctuating frequencies being identical to the hunting freguencies;the adhesion control parameters need to be optimized so as to achieve the maximum utilization ratio of wheel-rail adhesion with locomotives of different structural parameters and under different operating conditions.