植物病毒的电镜诊断

Diagnosis of plant viruses by electron microscopy

本文介绍了植物病毒新的分类和命名系统，综述了植物病毒电镜诊断的常规技术以及各个病毒属的形态学特征。在ＩＣＴＶ报告的１１科、４７属共７８９种植物病毒中，花椰菜花叶病毒属、杆状ＤＮＡ病毒属、番茄斑萎病毒属、苜蓿花叶病毒属、双生病毒科、呼肠孤病毒科、弹状病毒科等七个具有典型形态特征的属或科，以及螺旋对称结构的杆状及线状病毒，通过负染色可作出诊断。寄主细胞的病理变化尤其内含体的形态结构也是诊断的重要依据，至少有八个属或科的成员如花椰菜花叶病毒属、烟草花叶病毒属、番茄丛矮病毒科、马铃薯Ｙ病毒科等产生特异性的细胞内含体。这些特征为电镜诊断各类农作物及其它植物病毒病原提供了依据。

In this paper,the new classification system proposed by the International Committee of Taxonomy of Viruses(ICTV) is introduced with the diagnosis characteristics of plant viruses by electron micrscopy.Among the 789 plant viruses belonging to 11 families and 47 genera,seven genera or families,such as Caulimovirus,Badnavirus,Tospovirus,Alfamovirus,Geminiviridae,Reoviridae,Rhabdoviridae can be directly distinguished by negative staining of the virus particles for their typical morphology of viirus particles.Most viruses with elongated particles can also be assigned relatively easily to a recognized genus according to their particle morphology and modal lengths.At least eight genera or families,such as Caulimovirus,Tobamovirus,Tombusviridae Potyviridae etc.can be distinguished by their special inclusion bodies produced during virus infection.These characters of plant viruses are useful in crop disease diagnosis and virus identification study.