作为反体制运动的韩国民族主义

South Korean Nationalism as a Counter-System Movement

本文试图站在历史的角度厘清现代韩国民族主义反体制的性质。历史上,韩国的民族主义是以抵抗国家反体制运动的身份确立自己的地位的。开港以后,当时的统治阶层们试图建立近代国家。这种尝试失败后,国家的权力被日本抢走。作为日益走向衰亡的国家的替代品,一部分知识分子鼓吹由精神构成的国家、国粹,而作为维持它的主体,则提出了民族或者同胞的概念。因此,民族成了建立国家的主体,并在殖民地时代以独立运动、在解放后的分裂局面下以统一运动的形态确立了自己的地位。

This article is an effort to clarify the counter-system nature of modem South Korean Nationalism. In history, the South Korea Nationalism established itself as a counter-system movement of a resistent country. When Korea was finally forced open to Occidental nations, the existing ruling class attempted to build a modem state without the involvement of the masses. The effort failed and the state power was seized by Japan. As a substitute to the falling state, some intellectuals preached the theories of spiritual state and national quintessence, and put forward the concepts of nation and compatriots to support their theories. Therefore, nation became the subject of state building, and nationalism established its position as an independence movement in the colonial era and as a unification movement in the split situation after liberation.