旅游开发视野下非物质文化遗产保护与开发研究——以土家族为个案

On the Protection and Development of Intangible Cultural Heritage from the Perspective of Tourism Development——A Case Study of Tujia Nationality

民族文化旅游进程往往在空间和时间上表现为旅游开发的多样性与差异性,而其中的深刻原因是各个少数民族文化多样性的存在。民族文化多样性表现为各民族文化遗产的存续,非物质文化遗产是民族文化遗产的活体形式。旅游开发的历史效果必然地包括民族文化遗产特别是民族非物质文化遗产的有效保护和合理利用。要把握旅游开发的三个维度,从文化遗产的文化属性和资源属性的关系处理上寻找保护与开发的路径。理解非物质文化遗产必须完整把握其历史环境遗存、传承载体和精神内质三个内涵层次;并在此基础上分析了非物质文化遗产的本土性、民族性、整体性和传承性的基本特征。提出了区域开发中非物质文化遗产保护与利用的有效性、保真性和系统性三个重要原则及保护存续空间、优化传承机制和增效社会价值的路径模式。

Due to the diversified forms of ethnic culture,ethnic cultural tourism also shows a feature of diversity and difference in time and space,which is presented in the existence of cultural heritage and intangible cultural heritage.The historic effect of tourism development should cover the proper protection and utilization of ethnic cultural heritage and intangible cultural heritage.Efforts should be to explore the relationship between the culture property and resource property of the cultural heritage.This paper analyzes the three connotations of historical remains,succession carriers and spirit in understanding intangible cultural heritage,and based on this,analyzes their local,national,comprehensive and successive features.Three principles are suggested in terms of effectiveness,fidelity and system,and ways of protection and utilization are presented emphasizing development space,succession mechanism and social value.