论哈奇森的道德感理论

On Hutcheson's Moral Sense Theory

哈奇森道德感理论的确立标志着苏格兰启蒙运动作为具有一方特色的启蒙运动的开始,同时也为苏格兰启蒙思想的发展指明了方向。道德感理论是一种以"仁慈"情感为道德判断标准的利他主义伦理学,它树立起"情感高于理性"的信念,并确立了"仁慈"情感在人性中的基础位置。道德感理论不仅改变了英国以"利己"为核心的情感主义伦理学的发展路径,并且在论证利他主义思想的同时,论证了以"仁慈"为核心的公共德性的存在。在为古希腊的四"主德"找到人性论基础的同时,恢复了古典德性之光辉。但是,哈奇森把德性建立在一种抽象的道德感概念之上,注定了这一根基是不牢固的,注定其生命是短暂的。

The establishment of Hutcheson＇s moral sense theory symbolizes the beginning of the Scottish enlightenment as one with special characteristics,and setsup the development direction for Scottish enlightenment.Moral sense theory is a kind of ＂mercy＂ emotion for moral judgment as altruistic standard of altruism ethics,and it is to establish ＂emotional than rational＂ belief,and to build the ＂mercy＂ emotion as the fundamental position of human emotions.Moral sense theory not only shifts English ＂ego＂ as the core of the emotionalist ethics,but also proves altruistic ethics,demonstrates the existence of ＂mercy＂ as the core of public morality.It finds the foundation of the main four ancient Greek ＂virtues＂,and restores the brilliance of the classic virtues.However,Hutcheson setsthe virtue on an abstract concept of ＂moral＂,which determines the foundation is weak,as well as itslife is short.