主要农作物转化事件的专利保护及对我国的启示

Patent Protection for Transgenic Events of Major Crops and Policy Implications for China

作为转基因育种研究的核心技术成果,转化事件的知识产权保护为转基因作物产业化提供了重要的权利保障。目前世界主要农作物的转化事件绝大多数被孟山都、先正达、拜耳等国外公司所掌握,其中约有40%的转化事件正在全球申请同族专利保护,有22件已在我国申请,并且有6件已获得授权。国外转化事件专利的权利要求平均约20项,重点保护了侧翼序列和插入序列等关键技术特征,限制了任何未经许可而进行商业化改造或利用的可能。我国几乎还没有转化事件专利,"华恢1号"虽然比较接近,但保护强度不够。因此我国必须重点培育转化事件的自主知识产权,加强对国外专利的追踪分析,提高我国转化事件专利保护的精准度,最终构建知识产权全程保护体系。

As the key achievement of transgenic breeding RD,transgenic event and its intellectual property（IP）protection lay solid foundation for the commercialization of transgenic crops.It is found that currently majority of the transgenic events of major crops are held by foreign agro-biological companies,such as Monsanto,Syngenta and Bayer.About 40 percent of the events are filed for patent protection,22 applications are also claimed in China with 6 applications already granted.The number of claims is around 20 per patent on the average,which emphatically cover the key technical features like flanking sequence and insertion sequence.The boundaries almost prevent any unauthorized commercial use.In contrast,China has not filed any actual patents on events,although the patent of ＂Huahui No.1＂ looks very similar,the scope of protection is rather limited.Thus,in order to dominate the industrialization of biotechnology crops in China,Self-owned IP on events should be fostered,the dynamic trends of targeted foreign patents should be analyzed,and higher degree of patent protection on events must be achieved.Eventually,it is needed to set up a fully-integrated IP protection system for the agro-biotechnology industry.