海南省中东部农村朝天椒资源的调查研究

Investigation of Capsicum annuum var.conoides in East Central Rural Areas of Hainan Province

为了解海南省中东部地区野生辣椒资源的种类及其分布状况,本文选择了其所属的文昌、琼海、万宁、陵水、三亚、保亭、五指山、琼中和屯昌等9个市(县)16个乡(镇)中的63个村进行了调查、研究。研究结果表明:①海南中东部野生辣椒资源品种丰富。参照中国植物志分类标准,将该区生长的野生朝天椒和野生小米椒分为9个品种;②品种分布广。9个品种分布在16个乡(镇)的58个村,占调查村庄总数的92.1%;③野生朝天椒和野生小米椒生长适应能力强。从滨海沙土到山区的各种红壤,从东部海拔2m到中部海拔339m的各地区,都有其分布;(4)生长环境脆弱,分布品种单一。仅品种5在9个市(县)都有分布,而品种9只在保亭的1个村子里发现1株;在三亚和五指山分布有6个品种,陵水有5个品种,琼海和屯昌仅分布1个品种。在少数民族聚居地,种质资源保存完整,9个品种都有保存,而汉族聚居地则只发现有5个品种。文章分析了海南中东部野生辣椒资源的分布特点,并提出合理开发利用和保护野生辣椒资源的几点建议。

To obtain a better understanding of the distribution of wild pepper species across the east central rural areas of Hainan Province,we investigated 63 villages of 16 towns in 9 counties over there.Results showed that：1）the east central Hainan is generally rich in wild pepper resources.Referring Flora of China and the fruit length,width,shape,and changes in color from green until maturity of peppers,we conceptually divided the wild chili pepper under investigation into 9 types;2）they are widely distributed over 16 towns in 9 counties,showing a 100%degree of presence and covering 58 villages（accounting for 92.1%of 63 villages）;3）they essentially show a strong ability to adapt to varying environments over a broad range of soils from coastal sand to various red soil in the central mountain areas,sandy and yellow soil,latosolic red soil,and laterite,and from eastern low areas with elevation greater than 2 m to central areas with relatively high elevation exceeding 339 m above the sea level;and 4）their habitats were found to be generally fragile,primarily distributed over areas with human activities.This created possibilities for the disappearance of peppers under human and animals’activities.Among the 9 types of peppers,variety 5 is a widely-distributed species which have been found in all counties.Variety 9 was found in only one village in Baoting County.In coastal counties,for example,Qionghai and Tunchang,only one variety was found,respectively,both of which were variety 5.For the mountain counties,for example,Lingshui,Sanya and Wuzhishan,there were generally more verities found,showing five varieties in Lingshui（i.e.,varieties 1,4,5,6,and 8）,six varieties in Sanya（i.e.,varieties 2,3,4,5,6,and 7）,and Wuzhishan（i.e.,varieties 1,2,4,5,6,and 7）.Moreover,areas inhabited by ethnic minorities are rich in germplasm resources,preserving 9 varieties.However,only 5 varieties were found in areas inhabited by the Han nationality.This paper comprehensively analyzes the characteristics of wild pepper distribution over east central Hainan,and provides suggestions on reasonable exploitation and protection of the wild pepper resources in the future.