补语“透”语义的泛化和虚化

On Semantic Generalization and Weakening of Complement "Tou" and Its History Proofs

补语"透"既可用作结果补语,也可用作程度补语。其程度补语的用法是从结果补语的用法发展而来的。"V/A透"可以表示物体贯通、内容洞晓、光线穿过、流体渗透、达到完全、达到极端等意义。这些语义表现存在着共时语义联系,表现为语义的泛化和虚化,其机制为隐喻和转喻。这些共时的语义联系可以得到语言历时发展的证明。

＂Tou＂ can be either result complement or extent complement.＂Tou＂ can show some semantic natures such as substance running through,having a perfect understanding,ray and fluid passing by,achieving whole,achieving extreme.These semantic natures have some contacts in synchronic state,include generalization and weakening,the motivation is metaphor and metonymy.The synchronic contacts can be proved by diachronic develop of Chinese.