山西五鹿山自然保护区褐马鸡栖息地的选择

Habitat Selection of Brown-Eared Pheasant at the Wulushan National Nature Reserve of Shanxi,China

于1997年12月至1998年11月对山西五鹿山自然保护区褐马鸡栖息地的选择进行研究。结果表明:春季由于林缘灌丛地带阳光充足,草本植物返青较早,在0～10cm的覆盖度较高的区域,昆虫相对较多,常常会吸引褐马鸡取食。夏季,褐马鸡为顺利完成繁殖活动和育雏,很少到林缘灌丛中活动,而是选择在针阔混交林中觅食,因为铁矿大多聚集在林缘灌丛。秋季,褐马鸡雏鸟已经长大,多数都是以家族的形式活动,使得被捕食的风险增加。因此褐马鸡在秋季同样会避开干扰较大的林缘,而选择在10～30cm覆盖度较大的针阔混交林中,而林缘灌丛如沙棘等次生灌丛提供了较为丰富的食物。冬季,褐马鸡多选择在阳光充足的林缘灌丛取食,此时期褐马鸡也多选择乔木胸径较粗、乔木较高的针阔混交林,这些区域为褐马鸡提供了良好的隐蔽条件。

Habitat selection of Brown-Eared Pheasant(Crossoptilon mantchuricum)was studied at the Wulushan Nature Reserve of Shanxi Province from December of 1997 to November of 1998.The results showed that habitat selection of Brown-Eared Pheasant varied with seasons.In spring,Brown-Eared Pheasant selected mainly shrubs near the forest edge where there were higher covers at the layers of 0-10 cm and abundant food supplies.In summer,the pheasants mainly avoided the predation for their breeding successfully.Due to more iron mines exploitation,they often were away from iron mines and appeared in coniferous-deciduous forests where vegetation cover was higher and predation pressure was lower.In fall,the pheasants often appeared and rested in flocks,and lived in coniferous-deciduous forests with higher covers at the layers of 10-30 cm,and often foraged at the shrubs with the richer food such as Fructus hippophae Hippophae rhamnoides.The coniferous-deciduous forests and shrubs near the forest edge were used as their major habitats in winter,and they often occurred in the habitats with higher and larger-diameters,which could provide better shelter for the pheasants.