黑土区玉米-大豆轮作条件下施肥效应的研究

Study on Fertilization Effect under Maize-Soybean Rotation in Hailun Black Soil Region

试验设在海伦农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站示范区内,采用N、P、K三因素多水平的不完全设计,旨在从16个不同氮、磷、钾水平的组合中筛选出适合当地的最适宜施肥量。不同氮、磷、钾肥用量玉米两年均获得较高产量的为处理4(N2P2K2),氮磷钾最佳施用量为N 150 kg hm-2,P2O5 90 kg hm-2,K2O 40 kg hm-2。不同氮、磷、钾肥用量大豆两年均获得高产的为处理4(N2P2K2),氮磷钾最佳施用量为N 60 kg hm-2,P2O5 60 kg hm-2,K2O 40 kg hm-2。通过对不同氮、磷、钾肥施用量和大豆与玉米产量进行一元二次方程拟合,建议黑土区玉米最适宜的施肥量为N 150～200 kg hm-2,P2O5 70～90 kg hm-2,K2O 30～40 kg hm-2;大豆为N 50～80 kg hm-2,P2O5 60～90 kg hm-2,K2O 30～40 kg hm-2。肥料利用率随施肥量的增加而降低,玉米与大豆的经济效益和其产量达到最高时的处理相同。

The experiments,located in Hailun national field research station,adopted incomplete design with different rates of nitrogen,phosphorous and potassium fertilizers to find out the optimum fertilization rate for local crops out of sixteen combinations of nitrogen,phosphorous,potassium fertilizers.The highest yields of maize and soybean were obtained in treatment 4（N2P2K2） in two years,and the amounts of the applied fertilizers were as follows： N 150 kg hm-2,P2O5 90 k g hm-2,and K2O 40 kg hm-2 for maize;N 60 kg hm-2,P2O5 60 kg hm-2,K2O 40 kg hm-2 for soybean.By using quadratishe gleichung to simulate the amounts of nitrogen,phosphorous,potassium fertilizers and the yields of maize and soybean,the study suggested that the best suitable amounts of fertilizer were： N 150-200 kg hm-2,P2O5 70-90 kg hm-2,and K2O 30-40 kg hm-2 for maize;N 50-80 kg hm-2,P2O5 60-90 kg hm-2,and K2O 30-40 kg hm-2 for soybean.Fertilizer use efficiency showed decreasing trend as the increase of fertilizing amount,and the highest yield and the most economic benefit of maize and soybean were found in the same treatment.