虚拟水战略背景下的中国农业生产空间布局优化研究

SPATIAL OPTIMIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL REGIONS UNDER THE BACKGROUND OF VIRTUAL WATER STRATEGY

鉴于当前我国虚拟水经济影响研究方面尚较少触及的现实,该研究用虚拟水战略的视角,通过构建定量评价指标体系的方法来探究我国当前农业生产布局的优化问题。首先,用人均农村人口主要农畜产品虚拟水含量指标定量表征我国农业生产空间布局现状,发现我国农业生产空间布局存在明显的"北方多、南方少"特点,其中,高值区由展布在北方地区的黑龙江、吉林、宁夏、新疆等10个省区组成;而主低值区则分布在我国东南和西南沿海一带。然后,为探究虚拟水战略背景下我国农业生产的理想布局模式,提出区域农业生产优势度的概念,分析其影响因素,运用定量评价模型计算各省级区域的农业生产优势度。发现区域农业生产优势度整体上呈现北、西、南三面高,中东部低的宏观态势。其中,高优势度区域呈向东开口的喇叭型结构分布于我国的沿边省份,低优势度区域集中连片地分布在我国地理版图中东部的甘肃、宁夏、山西、陕西、河北、河南、北京、天津等省市区。最后,构建农业生产布局调整指数作为我国不同区域农业生产优化调整的依据,将虚拟水战略背景下我国区域农业生产划分为布局合理型、布局过密型和布局过疏型三类,分别给出了其农业生产发展的方向。

Spatial distribution status of agricultural production in China was analyzed using the index of per capita virtual water of main agricultural and animal production.It is found that agricultural and animal production in north China＇s is higher than that in south China.The high-value areas are built up by the provinces of surround Bohai Sea,Heilongjiang,Jilin,Ningxia,Xinjiang.The principal low-value area is distributed in the coastal provinces of south-east and south-west China.The minor low-value area is assembled by many provinces of the central provinces,such as Shanxi,Gansu,Qinghai,Sichuan and so on.In order to probe the ideal spatial distribution model of agricultural and animal production under the background of virtual water strategy,a concept of regional agricultural production predominant degree was put forward and its influencing factors were analyzed.The regional agricultural production predominant degree in each province was also calculated.It is found that the regional agricultural production predominant degree shows a characteristic of that the West is heavier than the East and the center is more than the sides.At the end,the index of agricultural production distribution adjustment was built to instruct us for giving different adjustment countermeasures.