蓝藻水华的成因及其生态控制进展

PROGRESS IN CAUSES AND ECOLOGICAL CONTROL OF CYANOBACTERIAL BLOOM

从水体生态系统的平衡、供水水质、人类及其它动物的健康风险、水域生态景观等方面分析了蓝藻水华的危害。对蓝藻水华形成的内在因素(高温适应的一系列特殊的生化调控机制或特性、三套色素系统——低光补偿机制、奢侈消费机制、固氮——营养补偿机制、休眠——回避不良条件机制、产生天然毒素来抑制竞争者和捕食者的机制)和环境因素(物理,如温度、光照、扰动及混合和水的滞留时间等;化学,如主要营养盐、微量营养元素、溶解无机碳、溶解有机碳和盐度等;生物因子,如牧食、微生物作用和与较高等动植物的共生等)进行了分析。并对蓝藻水华的生态控制(微生物控藻、大型水生植物抑藻、水生动物控藻如经典生物操纵、非经典生物操纵和罗非鱼控藻)的研究进展进行了综述。

In this review,the harmful effects of cyanobacterial blooms were analyzed from these areas,i.e.the balance of water ecosystems,water quality,human and other animal health risks,water ecological landscape.The causes of cyanobacterial blooms,including internal factors（a series of specific biochemical regulatory mechanisms or characteristics adapting to high temperature,three pigment systems-low-light compensation mechanism,luxury consumption mechanisms,nitrogen fixation-nutrition compensatory mechanisms,dormancy-a mechanism to avoid adverse conditions,mechanisms to suppress competitors and predators by producing toxins）,environmental factors（physical factors such as temperature,light,perturbation and mixing,water residence time;chemical factors,such as major nutrients,micro nutrient elements,dissolved inorganic carbon,dissolved organic carbon and salinity）and biological factors（grazing,microorganism action and symbiosis with higher plants and animals）were analyzed.And studies on the ecological control methods of cyanobacterial blooms,such as microbiological control algae,large aquatic plants control algae and aquatic animal control algae（traditional bio-manipulation,non-traditional bio-manipulation and control of algae by tilapia）were also reviewed.