影响婴儿死亡的非疾病因素和高危疾病分析

An analysis of non-disease factors and high-risk diseases influencing infant mortality

目的 研究婴儿死亡的非疾病因素和高危疾病,探索进一步降低婴儿死亡率的措施.方法 对2001～2008年影响如皋市婴儿死亡的非疾病因素和高危疾病进行回顾性分析.结果 如皋市2001～2008年婴儿平均死亡率为8.38‰,新生儿平均死亡率为4.71‰.婴儿死亡非疾病因素：年龄越小、体重越低、一季度婴儿死亡率高,死于家中、途中占33.07%,一级医院、村卫生室诊断和未就医占35.90%.婴儿死亡高危疾病：先天畸形、肺炎、意外死亡、早产和低出生体重、出生窒息.结论 开展健康教育,加强孕前保健,落实围产期保健措施,提供连续高效的儿童保健服务,有效控制非疾病因素,可进一步降低婴儿死亡率.

Objective To investigate non-disease factors and high-risk diseases that influence infant mortality and to explore measures to reduce the infant mortality rate further. Methods The non-disease factors and high-risk diseases that influenced infant mortality in a period from 2001 to 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. Results The average infant mortality rate was 8.38 %o in Rugao city in the period from 2001 to 2008 and the average neonatal mortality rate was 4.71‰. The non-disease factors that cause infant＇ s mortality included younger age and lighter birth weight of the neonates. In the first quarter of the year,the infant mortality rate was the highest and 33.07% of the infants died at home or on their way to hospital, 35.90% of the dead infants were diagnosed in primary level hospitals or village clinic but were not given any treatment. The high-risk diseases of infant mortality included congenital malformation, pneumonia, accidental death, premature birth, low birth weight and neonatal asphyxia. Conclusion Developing health education, strengthening pre-gestational health care, carriing out perinatal health care, providing continuous and effective health services for children and effectively controlling non-disease factors all could reduce the infant mortality rate further.