述情障碍与孕妇不良心理行为的相关性研究

A study on relationship between adverse psychology, behavior and alexithymia among pregnant women

目的 探讨不同情绪表达能力孕妇孕期焦虑症状、抑郁症状、自杀相关心理行为、自伤行为以及酗酒等不良心理行为,为孕期不同情绪表达能力孕妇有针对的心理行为干预提供依据.方法 使用多伦多述情障碍量表、流调中心用抑郁量表、焦虑自评量表、简易应对方式量表、生活事件问卷和自杀、自伤、酗酒等问卷,对1 789名孕妇进行调查.结果 不同文化程度孕妇描述情感能力、认识和区别情绪和躯体感受能力、外向型思维3个因子以及述情障碍总分差异均具有显著统计学意义（均P〈0.05）,均表现为随着文化程度的增高得分呈下降的趋势.述情障碍各因子得分及总分与消极应对方式、焦虑症状、抑郁症状得分呈显著正相关,而与积极应对得分呈显著负相关（均P〈0.05）.除外向性思维因子外,述情障碍其他3个因子均与孕妇轻度不良心理行为（自杀意念、自伤行为、酗酒行为）有关,而与严重的心理行为（自杀计划、自杀行为）关系不明显.结论 述情障碍与孕期轻度不良心理行为有关,孕期应加强对述情障碍孕妇不良心理行为的关注.

Objective To investigate adverse psychology and behaviors during pregnancy such as anxiety, depression, suicide associated psychology and behaviors, self-injury behaviors （ autolesionisms ） and excessive wine drinking of pregnant woman with different emotional expression abilities so as to provide evidences for conducting interventions for those pregnant women with abnormal psychology and unhealthy behaviors. Methods Totally 1789 pregnant women were investigated and their competence of emotional expression, depression, anxiety and coping style were evaluated by using Toronto Alexithymia Scale （TAS）, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale （CES-D）, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale （SAS）, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire （SCSQ）. Psychology and suicide associated behaviors, self-injury behaviors and excessive wine drinking of the pregnant women were tested by self designed questionnaires. Results In scores in difficulties in identifying feelings factor, difficulties in describing feelings factor, externally oriented thinking factor there were significant differences among pregnant women with different educational levels （ all P 〈 0.05 ） and presented a decreasing tendency with increase in educational level of the pregnant women. The scores in 4 factors and total score in TAS were significantly and positively correlated with the scores in depression, anxiety and negative copping style, but they were significantly and negatively correlated with the scores in positive copping style （all P 〈 0.05 ）. Difficulties in identifying feelings factor, difficulties in describing feelings factor and daydreaming factor were significantly correlated with mild psychological and behavioral problems （ suicide idea, self-injury behavior, and excessive wine drinking behavior）. But relationship between the factors in TAS and serious psychological and behavioral problems（ suicide plan, incomplete suicide behavior） were not significant. Conclusion The findings highlight the fact that alexithymia is significantly correlated with mild psychological and behavioral problems. We should pay more attention to abnormal psychology and unhealthy conducts of the pregnant women with poor competence of emotional expression.