北京市妇产科医务人员职业暴露防护情况调查

An investigation of occupational exposure protection of obstetricians and gynecologists in Beijing

目的 了解北京地区妇产科医务人员职业暴露的现状及其防护管理情况,为制定相关管理规范提供依据.方法 采用自行设计的调查问卷,对120个提供计划生育技术服务医疗机构的300名妇产科医务人员进行了调查,收集数据进行分析.结果 北京市部分妇产科人员职业暴露的发生率为63.7%,暴露途径以经皮暴露为主占78.0,暴露时机以手术及手术配合时最多,发生职业暴露时帽子口罩使用率分别为58.5%和35.1%,防渗透隔离衣/围裙、护目镜和靴子的使用率很低,分别为16.0%、8.5%和4.8%.医院级别为二、三级的妇产科医务人员职业暴露发生率高于一级医院,经比较差异有统计学意义（χ^2=22.707,P〈0.01）.中高级以上职称及文化程度高的妇产科医生职业暴露发生率较高,属高危人群（χ^2分别为15.871、26.483,均P〈0.01）.结论 北京市妇产科医务人员职业暴露防护现状不容乐观,需完善相关制度,加强培训、管理及督导.

Objectives To investigate current situation of occupational exposure of obstetricians and gynecologists and their occupational exposure protection management in Beijing, so as to provide basis for formulating related management rules. Methods 300 obstetricians and gynecologists in 120 hospitals and medical institutions who offered family planning technique services were investigated with a seff-designed questionnaire. The data collected were analysed statistically. Results The incidence of occupational exposures, among partial obstetricians and gynecologists in Beijing was 63.7%. The majority was dermal exposure,which accounted for 78.0%. Most exposures occurred during operation or operation cooperation. The use rates of cap and mask were 58.5% and 35.1% respectively, while the use rates of water- resistant barrier gown/apron, safety goggles and boots were all very low （ 16.0% , 8.5% and 4.8% respectively）. The incidence of occupational exposure among obstetricians and gynecologists in the secondary and tertiary hospitals was significantly higher than in the primary hospitals （χ^2 = 22. 707, P 〈 0.01 ）. The incidence of occupational exposure among those obstetricians and gynecologists with middle and highe grade titles and higher level educational backgrounds was significantly higher than among those with primary tiles and low educational backgrounds （χ^2 = 15. 871, 26. 483 respectively, both P 〈 0.01 ）, so they were high risk population of occupational exposure. Conclusion The current situation of occupational exposure protection of obstetricians and gynecologists is not optimal yet. Perfecting related rules, strengthening trainning, management and supervisions are needed.