内蒙古贫困地区儿童营养及贫血状况调查

Nutrition status and anemia among children in poor areas of Inner Mongolia

目的了解内蒙古自治区贫困地区<6岁儿童营养不良和贫血现状及影响因素。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法 ,选取贫困地区628名儿童为研究对象,通过面对面询问儿童监护人的方法进行调查,用Z评分法和血红蛋白值评价儿童营养和贫血状况。结果调查儿童中早产儿占3.5%,适时添加辅食者占4.1%,近2周有11.1%和15.3%的儿童患腹泻和上呼吸道疾病;儿童家庭年食品费用支出中位数为6000元;儿童生长迟缓率、低体重率、消瘦率、贫血患病率分别为3.8%,9.4%,9.2%和5.6%;不同年龄儿童低体重率、消瘦率和贫血患病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素分析结果表明,食品费用支出、早产、适时添加辅食是儿童生长迟缓的影响因素,出生体重、食品费用支出、早产是儿童体重不足的影响因素,汉族、年龄是儿童消瘦的影响因素,近2周患上呼吸道疾病、年龄是儿童贫血的影响因素。结论内蒙古贫困地区儿童营养不良问题仍然存在,应针对各年龄段儿童制定相应措施,改善儿童营养健康状况。

Objective To learn the status and influence factors of malnutrition and anemia among children under six years in the poor areas of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Methods Totally 628 children in poverty areas were selected with multistage cluster random sampling,and their caregivers were surveyed with a face-to-face interview.The situation of nutrition and anemia of the children were evaluated by Z scores and hemoglobin concentration.Results The ratio of premature infants were 3.5%.The rate of proper time of complementary feeding（CF） was 4.1%.There were 11.1% and 15.3% of children suffered from diarrhea or respiratory diseases in the previous two weeks.The median of household food expenditure per year was 6000 Yuan RMB.The prevalence of stunting,underweight,wasting and anemia were 3.8%,9.4%,9.2%,and 5.6%,respectively.The prevalence of underweight,wasting and anemia were different in different age groups（P0.05）.Multiple factor analysis showed that food expenditure,premature and adding complementary in time were influence factors of stunting.Birth weight,food expenditure and premature were influence factors of underweight.Han nationality and age were influence factors of wasting.Upper respiratory disease within two weeks and age were influence factors of anemia.Conclusion Malnutrition still exists in the poor areas of Inner Mongolia.We should draw up corresponding measures to improve the status of nutrition and health of the children.