高功率微波辐射致大鼠心和肝损伤形态学观察

Morphological changes of heart and liver induced by high power microwave(HPM) radiation in rats

目的探讨高功率微波(HPM)辐射对大鼠心肌和肝实质细胞超微结构的影响。方法成年Wistar大鼠36只,雌雄各半,随机分为空白对照组和微波辐射组,每组18只;辐照后1,7和14 d处死大鼠,冰浴下立即取心肌心尖部、肝右叶组织,制作常规透射电镜标本并观察。结果高功率微波辐射后1,7 d时大鼠心肌细胞线粒体溶解空化,肌丝溶解、断裂;高功率微波辐射后最初大鼠肝细胞核内异染色质增多,部分线粒体嵴模糊,辐射后7 d部分线粒体肿胀;高功率微波辐射后14 d大鼠心肌细胞和肝细胞线粒体无明显肿胀,部分心肌肌丝仍有溶解、断裂,少数肝细胞胞质内有脂滴等。结论高功率微波辐射对大鼠心肌和肝实质细胞有明确的损伤效应,高功率微波辐射致大鼠心肌细胞损伤较重,并且损伤的心肌恢复较慢。

Objective To investigate the effects of high power microwave radiation on ultrastructure of parenchymal cell of heart and liver in rats.Methods Thirty-six adult Wistar rats（half male and half female） were randomly divided into normal control and microwave radiation group with eighteen rats in each group.The rats in microwave radiation group were exposed to 100mW/cm2 intensity microwave radiation for 6 min.The rats in each group were killed at 1,7 and 14 days after the exposure.The heart apex fresh tissue and right leaf liver tissue were taken immediately under ice bath,and prepared to routine transmission electron microscopy specimen.The pathological changes of the cells were observed with transmission electron microscopy.Results One and seven days after the microwave radiation,some changes of ultrastructure in myocardium and liver of the rats were observed,such as the heart mitochondria（Mit） swelling,vacuolization,myofilament dissolution.Fracture and nucleus heterochromatin increased and some mitochondria cristae blurred.The rough endoplasmic reticulum of liver cells were irregularly arranged one day after the exposure and pathological changes of Mit were observed seven days after the exposure.Fourteen days after the microwave radiation,pathological changes of Mit were not apparent.The part of myofilament dissolution and fracture,lipid droplets within the cytoplasm and inflammatory cell infiltration in several liver cells were observed 14 days after the microwave radiation.Conclusion Different degrees of damage on parenchymal cells of heart and liver induced by high power microwave radiation were observed in rats.Heart and liver are sensitivie to high power microwave radiation.Ultrastructural changes of myocardial cell injury induced by high-power microwave radiation is more severe than that of hepatocytes,and the time of repair of myocardial cell injury is longer than that of hepatocyte injury.