谷氨酰胺合成酶基因研究进展及其在植物氮代谢调控中的应用

Research Progress on Glutamine Synthetase Genes and its Application on the Genetic Control of Nitrogen Metabolism in Plants

谷氨酰胺合成酶是植物体内氮素同化与循环的关键酶,深入研究该酶的控制基因及其表达特性,对了解植物氮代谢调控机理并应用于农业生产具有重要意义。概述了谷氨酰胺合成酶在植物中的细胞、组织、器官分布特点,并从基因家族数目、基因结构以及不同水平的器官特异和发育时期表达调控等方面介绍了谷氨酰胺合成酶的分子生物学研究进展,回顾了谷氨酰胺合成酶基因调控在提高植物生长量、耐逆性等方面的应用,展望了谷氨酰胺合成酶基因调控在植物氮高效利用、氮营养诊断方面的应用前景。

Glutamine synthetase is a key enzyme involved in the nitrogen assimilation and recycling in plants.The present paper summarized the distribution characters of glutamine synthetase in different cells,tissues and organs.The advances on molecular biological research were reviewed on the numbers of gene family,gene structure,and organ-specific or development stage-specific expression control in different regulation level,as well as the applications on the genetic engineering through glutamine synthetase gene regulation to enhance plant growth and stress endurance.The prospects were presented on the improvement of nitrogen utility efficiency in crops and plant nitrogen status diagnosis on the basis of glutamine synthetase gene regulation.