4个南瓜栽培种的光合特性比较研究

Comparative Study on Photosynthesis Characteristics of Four Pumpkin Cultivars

为了探索南瓜属主要栽培种间的差异性与其光合作用特性是否有关,以中国南瓜(太久秀丽)、印度南瓜(永安2号、巨型南瓜、036号、美国迷你南瓜)、美洲南瓜(晶莹1号)、黑籽南瓜(云南黑籽南瓜)为材料,在生长旺期(开花坐果初期),分别对生长在露地和日光温室中的南瓜用CB-011光量子自动监控系统对其光合效率变化情况进行检测,同时用光量子仪进行光量子校核。结果表明:4种南瓜的净光合速率Pn日变化大体都呈现双曲线型,只是峰值出现的早晚,峰值大小有差异;最高峰出现在下午的15:30左右,次高峰出现在9:00—11:30,美洲南瓜(晶莹1号)第一峰值出现的最早;蒸腾速率E日变化也基本呈现双曲线型,不同栽培种之间有一定的差别,其中中国南瓜(太久秀丽)水分效率最高,黑籽南瓜最低。

In this research,the changes of net photosynthetic rate of four pumpkin cultivars were detected by automatic light quantum monitoring system at their vigorous growing stage （early flowering and setting fruit） in open field and solar greenhouse respectively,and the photons were checked by quantometer at the same time.The pumpkin cultivars were used in our studies were as follows：Cucurbina moschata Duch.（Taijiuxiuli）,C.mamxima Duch.（Yongan No.2,giant pumpkin,No.036,American mini pumpkin）,C.pepo L.（Jingying No.1）,C.ficifolia Bouch （Yunnan black seed squash）.The results showed that the diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate Pn of these four kinds of pumpkin were generally showed hyperbolic type,but were different in peak occurs time and peak values.The peak appeared around 15：30 in the afternoon,and the sub-peak appears in 9：00-11：30.The first peak of the C.pepo L.（Jingying NO.1） was the earliest to appear;the diurnal variation of transpiration rate E was also basically showed hyperbolic type,and there were some differences between the different cultivars,which C.moschata Duch.（Taijiuxiuli） had the highest water efficiency,while the black-seed squash was the lowest water efficiency.