人工提前破壳对中华鳖(Trionyx siensis)卵的孵化和稚鳖生长的影响研究

Effect of Artificial Shell Break Assistant Before Natural Hatching on the Growth of Juvenile Soft Shelled Turtle(Trionyx sinensis)

对恒温孵化人工统一提前破壳与自然出壳的中华鳖稚鳖的生长发育进行了实验比较,试验在记录积温28800~30000℃时人工提前统一破壳,结果表明：人工提前统一剥壳对中华鳖存活率和稚鳖的体质无不良影响,经30天养殖的稚鳖苗达到一级标准,其生长比速、生长指标指标与自然出壳的中华鳖稚鳖差异不显著（P〈0.05）;而生长常数、特定生长率、生长系数指标则显著优于同期受精和孵化的自然出壳稚鳖（P〉0.01）。人工破壳的稚鳖比同时受精、同批孵化及延迟十天产出的受精卵自然出壳较迟的对照稚鳖具有明显的生长优势;人工提前破壳稚鳖的生长系数（W末重/W始重）分别为2.932±0.094、2.808±0.074,与同批自然出壳较迟的对照差异达到21.47%~45.9%,达极显著水平（F=124.6〉F0.01）;人工提前破壳稚鳖养殖的特定生长率分别为1.5365±0.1532、1.4777±.1325,与自然出壳较迟的对照的特定生长率差异达极显著水平（F=68.5〉F0.01）;人工提前破壳稚鳖养殖的生长常数分别为0.112±0.001、0.107±0.002,与与自然出壳较迟的对照差异达146.5%~302.7%,达极显著水平（=1684.5〉F0.01）。人工提前破壳孵化的稚鳖具备摄食强度大、抗逆性强、不易感染病虫害等优势,可为周年养殖稚鳖的生长赢取时间,是培育大规格稚鳖、缩短养殖周期,提高中华鳖养殖经济效益的有效途径。

The trial to compare the effects on the growth and development of soft-shelled turtle （Trionyx sinensis） with and without artificial shell break assistant （ASBA） before natural hatching were conducted.Results showed that the hatching rate and the growth rate of juvenile soft-shelled turtle were not affected significantly （P 0.01） by the ASBA at the first 30 days.The survival rate of the ASBA turtle was 100% and the physical quality of the majority young soft-shelled turtles with ASBA were in category one according to the evaluation standard.The suitable accumulated temperature for the implementation of ASBA during incubation is 28800-30000℃ and the total time for turtle eggs hatching is about 40-50 days.To get the eggs wet by watering on the day before ASBA could get the best result.The ASBA could shorten the hatching period for about 10 days and earn more time for the growth of turtle before winter.So the turtle could intake more feed and increase its resistance to the environmental stress.The growth indexes of turtles with ASBA were better than those without ASBA.In conclusion,one of the ways for improving the economic benefit of soft-shelled turtle culture is to breed juvenile soft-shelled turtles in large scale and shorten the incubation period by artificial shell break assistant.