花生不同品种植株重金属As和Hg的富集与转运规律

As and Hg Accumulation and Transformation rules in different varieties of peanut plants

在相同土壤条件下,对8个花生品种植株不同器官中重金属As和Hg元素的吸收、富集与转运规律进行了研究。结果表明,供试的花生品种植株根系、茎叶中As和Hg含量存在显著性差异,籽仁中As含量和果壳中Hg含量存在显著性差异,而果壳中As和籽仁中Hg含量差异不显著。花生植株根系As的平均含量最高(1.018mg/kg),其次为茎叶(0.770mg/kg)和果壳(0.552mg/kg),籽仁中的含量最低(0.0468mg/kg);花生植株根系Hg的平均含量最高(0.0490mg/kg),其次为果壳(0.0092mg/kg)和茎叶(0.0090mg/kg),籽仁中的含量最低(0.0019mg/kg)。不同花生品种植株根系、茎叶、籽仁和果壳中As和Hg的富集量均存在显著性差异,植株中的As和Hg主要富集于茎叶中,其次为果壳,根系和籽仁中富集量较低。不同花生品种茎叶和籽仁中的As转运量系数差异显著,果壳中的差异不显著;花生根系吸收的As转运到茎叶中最多,其次为果壳中,转运到籽仁中最少。不同花生品种茎叶、籽仁和果壳中的Hg转运量系数均呈现显著性差异,花生根系吸收的Hg主要转运到植株茎叶中,籽仁和果壳中很少。花生对As和Hg的富集量和转运能力差异是造成花生籽仁含量高低的主要原因。

Eight main cultivated of peanut varieties in Qingdao city were used to study the absorption, accumulation and transformation rules of heavy mental As and Hg in different organs of peanut plants by using the same soil under field condition. The results indicated that As and Hg content in experimental peanut plants root and stem and leaf had significant differences. There were significant differences between the content of As in peanut kernel and Hg in peanut shell, while As in shell and Hg in kernel was not significant. The average of As content in peanut root system was highest （1.018 mg/kg）, followed by stem and leaf （0.770 mg/kg）, shell （0.552 mg/kg） and its kernel was lowest （0.0468 mg/kg）, while the average of Hg content in root system was highest （0.0490 mg/kg）, followed by shell （0.0092 mg/kg）, stem and leaf （0.0090 mg/kg） and its kernel （0.0019 mg/kg）. As and Hg accumulation of different peanut varieties in root system, stem and leaf, kernel and shell had significant differences. As and Hg contents in peanut plants were mainly enriched in the stem and leaf, followed by shell, root system and kernel. There were no significant differences in As transportation coefficients of different peanut varieties in shell, but obvious differences in stem and leaf and kernel. The As content absorbed by peanut root system was mainly transported to stem and leaf, followed by shell and kernel. Hg transportation coefficients of different peanut varieties had obvious differences in different parts. The Hg content absorbed by peanut root system was mainly transported to stem and leaf, followed by kernel and shell. As and Hg accumulation and transformation differences of peanut varieties was the main cause of the peanut kernel content.