棉花花生间作复合系统的照度、生长发育与生产力效应

Effects of Cotton-peanut Intercropping System on Relative Illumination, Growth and Development and Productivity

洞庭湖平原是中国的高产棉区之一,随着杂交棉的推广,种植密度大幅降低,为农作物多熟复种提供了条件。运用作物生态位差异等原理,选择3个花生品种即湘花120(繁茂度高、中早熟、大果)、四粒红(繁茂度中、特早熟、中果)、湘农小花生(繁茂度低、早熟、小果),与长江流域的主要杂交棉品种湘杂棉2号进行间种,探讨了棉地间作花生的可行性。结果表明:(1)间作棉花的相对照度、生长势、产量(3.4%～5.7%)均有所降低,而间作花生的相对照度提高,产量主要因为间作田花生基本苗减少而降低;(2)不同花生品种对间作棉花的影响主要与繁茂度有关,以湘花120>四粒红>湘农小花生,而不同花生品种受棉花的影响主要与熟期有关,以湘花120>湘农小花生>四粒红;(3)虽然间作棉花略有减产,但全田整体效益大幅增长,其中比花生单作增长35.9%～107.6%,比棉花单作增长31.6%～52.9%。其中湘花120与棉花间作的整体效益最高。因此,棉田间作花生在经济上是可行的。

Dongting Lake Plain is one of China＇s high-yielding cotton area, with the extention of hybrid high-yielding varieties, cotton planting density significantly reduced, which provided opportunity for the crop intercropping conditions. In this paper, crop ecological niche differences principle was used to discuss the feasibility of cotton-peanut intercropping system. Three different peanut varieties including. ‘ Xianghua 120 ’ （high lush degree, mid-early maturity, large-seed）, ‘ Silihong ’ （medium lush degree, very early maturity, medium-seed）, and ‘ Xiangnongxiaohuasheng ’ （low lush degree, early-maturity, small-seed） were selected to intercrop with the main hybrid cotton variety ‘ Xiangzamian 2 ’ in Yangtze River Basin. The results showed that： （1） relative illumination, growth potential, seed-cotton yield （3.4%-5.7% ） of intercropping cotton all decreased, whereas relative illumination of intercropping peanut raised, the pod yield reduced mainly due to the reduction of planting density. （2 ） The impact of different peanut varieties to intercropping cotton majorly related to lush degrees, of which ‘ Xianghua 120 ’‘ Silihong ’‘ Xiangnongxiaohuasheng ’ , and the impact by cotton to different peanut varieties mainly related to maturity, of which ‘ Xianghua 120 ’ ‘ Xiangnongxiaohuasheng ’‘ Silihong ’ . （3 ） Although the seed-cotton yield of intercropping cotton slightly decreased, the overall field benefits increased significantly, including 35.9%-107.6% increase compared with peanut monoculture, 31.6%-52.9% increase compared with cotton monoculture. ‘ Xianghua 120 ’ intercropped with cotton had the top overall field benefit. Therefore, the cotton-peanut intercropping system is economically viable.