水生生态系统健康的评价指标和评价方法

Indicators and Methods for Assessing Aquatic Ecosystem Health

合理地进行水生生态系统健康的评价有利于了解水生生态系统现状,为水生生态系统进行修复提供科学依据。笔者结合国内外对生态系统健康研究现状,重点论述了当前水生生态系统健康评价的3种主要指标(生态指标、人类健康和社会经济指标、物化指标)和2种评价方法(指示物种法和指标体系法)。对每种评价方法在当前的使用情况和各自在水生生态系统健康评价中的优缺点进行了简单地分析和讨论,同时对水生生态系统健康评价的未来进行展望和预测。笔者认为,必须根据评价对象所在区域的具体情况遴选和确定主导评价指标,同时以某一种评价方法为主,并结合其他方法对水生生态系统进行评价,从而获取准确的评价结果。

Making aquatic ecosystem health assessment reasonably is conducive to understand the aquatic ecosystem status and provide reference for restoration of aquatic ecosystem. The paper summarizes the three dominating indicators （ecological indicators, social and economic indicators, physicochemical indicators） and two methods （indicator species method and index system method） for assessing the aquatic ecosystem health. And it analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each method for assessing aquatic ecosystem health. Meanwhile, it forecasts the future development of aquatic ecosystem health assessment. The author considers that to catch the accurate result, leading appraisable indexes should be chosen and determined based on considering the specific circumstance of the research area about assessable objects, meanwhile a particular evaluation method in combination with other methods should be adopted in the course of the evaluation of aquatic ecosystems.