塑料温棚在星洲红鱼安全越冬与提早繁育中的应用

Application of Plastic Shed on Security Overwintering and Early-reproduction of Red Tilapia

应用温室大棚提高星洲红鱼越冬成活率、促使亲鱼的提早繁殖,结果表明:利用温室大棚进行保温,可以使棚内的平均气温和水温分别保持在28.3℃和25.2℃以上,分别比室外温度高出8.1℃和6.1℃,亲鱼越冬期间成活率93.7%,比室外越冬池的82.9%提高13.0%;棚内温度高而稳定增加了星洲红鱼的性腺生长发育积温,性腺由入温棚时(1月上旬)的第Ⅲ期,成熟度0.98%,经温棚内强化培育40～50天,2月中旬达成熟的第Ⅳ期,成熟度为3.12%,繁殖积温1280.5℃·d。而自然环境中星洲红鱼性腺在4月中下旬才能达到成熟,繁殖积温需2198.7℃·d,减少41.8%,使其繁殖时间提前了2个月,为延长星洲红鱼的养殖时间增加产量提供了保障。棚内产后亲鱼,经40天左右产后强化培育,4月上旬再次达成熟,1#温棚和3#温棚在2～4月间比露天池多生产100万尾鱼苗量,增加产苗量60.6%。

The techniques of security overwintering and early-reproduction of Red Tilapia was studied in this paper. The results showed that the plastic shed was able to keep a higher temperature, which the average temperature was maintained at 28.3℃,and there was 8.1℃ higher than that of the outdoor temperature during the experiment .Meanwhile , the average water temperature was maintained at 25.2℃ ,and there was 6.1℃ higher than that of the outdoor temperature during the period of early-reproduction. The was 93.7% of survival rate of parent fish during the period of overwintering in plastic shed, which was more 13.0% than that of outdoor ponds. The gonad growed at the stage Ⅳ, 3.432% of maturity in mid-February from the stage Ⅲ, 0.98% in early January, by 40-50 days of strengthen the nurturing.The spawning accumulated temperature was about 1280.5℃·d. which was less 13.0% than that of outdoor ponds. In addition the gonad of parent fish in plastic shed was mature again by about 40 days of postnatal strengthen the nurturing. 2 months was advanced than that in conventional method, which prolonged the growing period of Red Tilapia and increased output by using the method above. There were more one milion junenile of Red Tilapia in the plastic shed 1 # and plastic shed 3 # ,which was more 60.6% than that of outdoor ponds from. February to April.