华北平原深层地下水超采程度计算与分析

Assessment of over-exploitation of deep groundwater in the North China Plain

华北平原深层地下水的超采已引起了一系列的环境地质问题。为了从区域上认识深层地下水的超采情况以及由此引发的环境地质问题,分别以地下水开采潜力系数(深层地下水可利用量/现状开采量)、地面沉降量、多年平均水位下降速率为指标对地下水超采情况进行了计算和分析。结果表明,不同方法的计算结果具有一定的一致性。从区域上来看,深层地下水总体上处于超采状态,已无开采潜力。地下水开采程度指标采用以2003年为现状年的开采量,因此更多反映的是开采程度现状。利用地面沉降和多年平均水位下降速率计算的超采结果更多地反映了深层地下水开采历史所产生的环境地质问题。

A series of environmental geological problems have been caused by the over-exploitation of deep groundwater （i. e. , confined aquifer water） in the North China Plain. In order to better understand the status of deep groundwater over-exploitation and the induced environmental geological problems on a regional scale, the over-exploitation of groundwater has been assessed through the calculation of groundwater exploitation potential coefficient （i. e. , the ratio of exploitable amount of deep groundwater to current exploitation）, land subsidence amount, and long-term average declining rate of groundwater table. The results show that there is a good correlation among the results by different methods. On a regional scale, deep groundwater has been over-exploited and there is no further exploitation potential under the current condition. The groundwater exploitation degree index takes the exploitation in 2003 as the reference for calculation, so the result mainly reflects the current groundwater exploitation degree. The over-exploitation results obtained by land subsidence data and long-term average decline rate of groundwater table reflect the environmental-geological problems caused by the exploitation of deep groundwater.