66例ICU院内感染统计分析

目的为了解某医院ICU院内感染的情况及相关因素,对ICU院内感染的控制和预防提供建议。方法收集某医院2008年1月～2009年6月医院感染科对入住ICU病房的289患者的登记资料作回顾性分析。结果 ICU院内感染率为22.83%(66/289)。感染部位占前3位的是下呼吸道感染57.5%(38/66)、泌尿道感染22.7%(15/66)和器官/腔隙感染15.1%(10/66)。分离出92株致病菌,以革兰氏阴性菌为主63.0%(58/92)。居前3位的是铜绿假单胞菌23.9%(22/92)、真菌21.7%(20/92)、不动杆菌属13.0%(12/92)。结论 ICU获得性感染发生率高,致病菌仍以革兰氏阴性菌为主,合理科学使用抗生素,严格限制人员出入,严格消毒治疗器械,严格洗手制度,对危重病人早期营养支持是降低ICU院内感染率的有效措施。

Objective To investigate the incident and the factors of ICU nosocomial infection in a hospital,and provide advices to prevent and control the nosocomial infection. Methods Collect the registration materials by the hospital infectious disease department of 289 patients which entered the ICU hospital ward from January,2008 to June,2009 to make the review analysis. Results The rate of ICU nosocomial infection is 22.83%.The top three locations of nosocomial infection are lower respiratory tract（57.5%）,urinary tract（22.7%）and organ cavity（15.1%）. A total of 92 pathogenic strains are detected,The leading microorganism cultured is Gram–negative bacteria,about 63.0%. The top three types are pseudomonas aeruginosa（23.9%）,fungus （21.7%） and acinetobacter（13.0%）. Conclusion There is high incidence of ICU nosocomial infection. The principal pathogenic bacteria is Gram-negative bacteria. Using the antibacterial drug reasonably,Limitting the personnel to come in and go out strictly,disinfecting treatment instrument strictlyperforming the system of washing the hands strictly,and supporting nutrition to the seriously injured patient in the early time are the effective means to declare the rate of ICU nosocomial infection.