磁场梯度张量定位中的矢量磁力计最简配置

Simplest configuration for locating a vector magnetometerbased on magnetic gradient tensor

基于载体潜深/地磁异常水下定位方法,分析了地磁异常磁场梯度张量的特点,得出矢量磁力计的最简配置为7单轴.分析了7磁力计测量磁场梯度的必备条件和最优测量矩阵,提出了一种安装于立方体顶点的7磁力计配置.数值仿真给出了磁场梯度与载体定位相对误差同立方体边长间的关系,结果表明这些误差随边长加大而快速增长.在分析磁场梯度误差形成原因的基础上,指出精确测量磁场梯度张量须采用10单轴配置,仿真结果表明在10单轴配置方式中磁场梯度和定位误差都很小.

The characteristic of geomagnetic anomaly gradient tensor was analyzed by draft depth/geomagnetic anomaly underwater vehicle localization.Then,it was concluded that the simplest configuration can be 7 single-axis vector magnetometers to measure the gradient tensor.The essential conditions and optimal matrix of magnetic gradients measurementare were analyzed.A kind of configuration for 7 single-axis magnetometers was put forward,which installed vertexes of cubic supporter.The relationships betweem the relative errors of geomagnetic gradient and vehicle localization to cubic supporter side length were simulated numerically.Results show that these errors increase rapidly when the length was lengthened.Configuration for 10 single-axis magnetometer can be adopted to measure magnetic gradient tensor precisely on the basis of analysis of cause of magnetic gradient error.The simulations show that the errors of geomagnetic gradient and vehicle localization are both very little for 10 single-axis magnetometers.