中国艾滋病防治的人类学研究:社会文化行为的分析

Anthropological Studies on HIV Prevention in China:An Analysis of Socio-Cultural Behavior

探究低档场所小姐群体的社会文化特征及其最新发展趋势,艾滋病防治知识、态度与行为,高危行为及其影响因素,以及美沙酮维持治疗脱失问题。研究结果表明:首先,目前小姐群体呈现一些年龄、族群、类型、婚恋生活等显著特征和趋势,艾滋病防治工作面临新挑战。其次,某些特定人群仍然缺乏艾滋病防治知识,知识与行为分离,并没有实质性高危行为改变,城市特殊部位艾滋病疫情严重。再次,某些特定人群安全套使用意愿低,影响因素复杂。此外,造成美沙酮维持治疗脱失的最主要原因是生物(心瘾)、环境、社会、心理因素。因此,建议在地方艾滋病防治中推广定点定时干预模式与运用文化敏感性策略。

The paper discusses the socio-cultural characteristics of waitresses in vulgar entertainment centers,their latest development trend,their knowledge about,attitude toward,and actions of HIV prevention,the high-risk behaviors and the influencing factors,as well as their dropout from methadone maintenance treatment.The research findings are as follows：Firstly,the present waitress population has revealed some unique features and tendencies in terms of age,ethnicity,and marital status,all of which consequently pose new challenges to HIV prevention.Secondly,certain groups of them lack knowledge about HIV prevention,and have not substantially altered their high-risk behaviors.So,HIV epidemic situation is severe in some special places in cities.Thirdly,certain groups of them,influenced by complicated factors,are reluctant to use condoms.Additionally,the main reasons behind their dropout from methadone maintenance treatment include physical,environmental,social,and psychological factors.Therefore,it is recommended that fixed-point and fixed-time intervention pattern and cultural sensitivity strategy should be popularized in local HIV prevention.