关于中小企业融资问题的思考

Thinking Towards the Problem of Financing of Minor Enterprises

长期以来,融资难一直是制约中小企业发展的重要瓶颈,尤其是在应对金融危机过程中,融资问题更加突出。这里面有五个原因:一是政治风险,占全国企业99.6%的中小企业大多数是民营企业,如果银行贷款给大型国有企业,即使出现了风险也是国家的,而贷给民营企业性质就不同了。二是信用风险,中小企业规模小,可抵押资产少,其信用满足不了银行的审查要求。三是道德风险,有的中小企业管理不规范,财务不透明,与银行信息不对称。四是市场风险,中小企业抗风险能力弱,市场需求敏感。五是交易成本高。对银行来讲,签一个大合同与签一个小合同手续成本是一样的。针对这些问题,如何缓解中小企业融资难?笔者认为要在进一步加强政府对中小企业扶持、放宽放活政策、加强企业现代管理、做大做强信用担保体系等方面,有所创新,有所突破。

For a long time, financing is a problem for minor enterprises especially during the process of financial crisis. There are five reasons for this. Firstly is government risk. About 99.6% of enterprises in China are minor enterprises. If banks grant a loan to large-scale state-owned enterprise, even if there is risk, state will take the responsibility, but it is not the same for minor enterprises. Secondly is credit risk. Scale of minor enterprises is small, so there is little mortgage assets. The credit could not meet the requirement of bank censoring. Thirdly is moral risk. In some minor enterprises, management is not standard, financial ＇affairs is not transparent. Fourthly is market risk. Anti-risk ability of minor enterprises is too weak. Fifthly is high transaction cost. For the banks, cost of trade procedure of larger contract and smaller contract is the same. According to the problems above, to solve the problem of financing of minor enterprises, the author think the government should unveil support policy, easy credit policy, enhance enterprise management and make bigger guarantee system for the minor enterprises.