葡萄抗寒性生理指标筛选及其评价

Cold Resistance Indexes Identification and Comprehensive Evaluation of Grape Varieties

以7个葡萄砧木品种(‘SO4’、‘5A2’、‘225’、‘通化-3’、‘420’、‘5BB’、‘山河系’)和2个葡萄栽培品种(‘红地球’、‘赤霞珠’)1年生成熟枝条为试材,考察了它们枝条在0～-33℃低温处理后的萌芽率、生根率、产生愈伤组织的比率、电导率、以及可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游离脯氨酸、丙二醛含量的变化,并通过聚类分析、相关分析和主成分分析对其抗寒性进行综合评价。结果表明:(1)随着处理温度的降低,各品种枝条的萌芽率、生根率、愈伤组织比率呈逐渐降低的趋势,而同时它们枝条的电导率、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游离脯氨酸和丙二醛含量却逐渐升高,并且各品种升降的速度和幅度有明显差异,其中品种‘红地球’升降最快、幅度最大,品种‘5BB’升降最慢、幅度最小。(2)各品种几个参数的升降幅度大小顺序与其抗寒性强弱顺序一致;各品种综合抗寒性由强到弱依次为‘5BB’>‘山河系’>‘通化-3’>‘5A2’>‘SO4’>‘420’>‘225’>‘赤霞珠’>‘红地球’。研究发现,枝条的萌芽率、生根率、产生愈伤组织的比率、电导率以及可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸、丙二醛含量可以作为评价葡萄抗寒性的重要指标。

With seven grape rootstocks（Selection Oppenheim,Teleki5A2,Vitis berlandieri×Vitis rupestris,Vitis amurensis,Vitis berlandieri×Vitis riparia,Vitis berlandieri×Vitis riparia,Vitis amurensis×Vitis riparia） and two grape varieties（＇Red globe＇,＇Cabernet sauvignon＇） as materials,we inspected the change of germination rate,radication rate,callus rate,relative conductivity,soluble sugar,soluble protein,free proline,malondialdehyde in annual branches of all species after 0～-33℃ low temperature.The data was treated by cluster analysis,correlation analysis and principal component analysis for their comprehensive evaluation of cold tolerance.The results show：as the temperature decreased,the species branches germination rate,radication rate,callus rate were gradually decreased,while the relative conductivity,soluble sugar,soluble protein,free proline and malondialdehyde in their branches were gradually increased,but the change speed and range were significantly different among varieties,in which species,＇Red globe＇ go down the fastest and the biggest,Vitis berlandieri×Vitis riparia go down the slowest and the smallest.The order of species parameters consistent with the cold resistance.The cold resistance of nine grape rootstocks and grape varieties from strong to weak were：Vitis berlandieri×Vitis riparia,Vitis amurensis×Vitis riparia,Vitis amurensis,Teleki5A2,Selection Oppenheim,Vitis berlandieri×Vitis riparia,Vitis berlandieri×Vitis rupestris,＇Cabernet sauvignon＇,＇Red Globe＇.The germination rate,radication rate,callus rate,relative conductivity,soluble protein,free proline and malondialdehyde can be used as important indicators for grape cold resistance evaluration.