基于RS与GIS的妈祖圣地湄洲岛景观格局优化

Landscape pattern optimization based on RS and GIS in the Mazu holy land of Meizhoudao Island

在RS和GIS技术支持下,利用1993年和2005年遥感资料,对妈祖圣地湄洲岛的景观格局变化及存在问题进行了分析.结果表明:1993-2005年湄洲岛建设用地景观面积上升,耕地景观面积下降,林地与草地组成的生态防护景观面积不升反降;总的景观斑块数目和各景观类型的斑块数目都有较大增加,整体景观破碎化明显,景观连通性降低;整体景观多样性下降,优势度上升,自然景观受威胁程度和城镇化侵蚀程度不断增加,生态系统脆弱性加剧.针对这些问题,提出控制人工景观、扩大生态防护景观、构建景观基质、开展景观整治、美化景观视觉性、优化自然植被斑块、加强生态廊道建设等优化措施;提高湄洲岛生态网络的紧密性、联系性和景观的优美性,增强生态系统稳定性和旅游吸引力.

Based on RS and GIS,the landscape pattern change and some problems of the Mazu holy land in Meizhoudao Island were analyzed using Landsat images from 1993 to 2005.The results showed that from 1993 to 2005,the area of constructional landscape increased,the area of arable landscape decreased,the area of ecological protection landscape composition of woodland and grassland decreased in Meizhoudao Island.The number of patches of total landscape and landscape types increased largely, which increased overall landscape fragmentation and reduced landscape connectivity.The overall landscape diversity declined,and its dominance increased.The level of natural landscape threaten and the degree of urbanization erosion were increasing,which made ecosystem vulnerability increase.Addressing these questions,some optimization measures of controlling the artificial landscape and expanding ecological protection landscape to build the landscape matrix,carrying out landscape renovation to landscaping visual,optimizing the patches of natural vegetation,and strengthening the construction of ecological corridor,were put forward to improve the ecological network linkages in close,make the ecological landscape more beautiful,enhance the ecosystem stability and the tourism appeal in Meizhoudao Island.