AO解剖型锁定加压板治疗肱骨远端C型骨折

EFFECTIVENESS OF AO ANATOMICAL LOCKING COMPRESSION PLATE IN TREATING TYPE C DISTAL HUMERAL FRACTURE

目的探讨AO解剖型锁定加压板治疗肱骨远端C型骨折的疗效。方法 2008年7月-2009年4月,经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路、AO解剖型锁定加压板治疗13例肱骨远端C型骨折。男5例,女8例;年龄24～80岁,平均52.1岁。摔伤7例,车祸伤4例,高处坠落伤2例。骨折按内固定研究协会/美国骨创伤协会(AO/OTA)分型标准分型:C1型3例,C2型6例,C3型4例。合并尺神经损伤2例,桡神经损伤1例;合并尺骨鹰嘴骨折2例,四肢其他骨折3例;合并骨质疏松6例。受伤至入院时间为3h～4d,平均0.9d。结果术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。13例均获随访,随访时间12～21个月,平均15.9个月。X线片检查示骨折与鹰嘴截骨均于术后8～13周愈合,平均10周。肘关节功能均于术后3～32周恢复,平均10周。无内固定失败、骨化性肌炎、畸形愈合及延迟愈合、不愈合发生。末次随访时根据Mayo肘关节评分标准评分为75～100分,平均95.8分;获优9例,良3例,一般1例,优良率92.3%。结论经尺骨鹰嘴截骨入路、AO解剖型锁定加压板治疗肱骨远端C型骨折,具有内固定坚强,可以早期功能锻炼的优点,术后疗效满意。

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the AO anatomical locking compression plate in treating type C distal humeral fracture. Methods Between July 2008 and April 2009, 13 cases of type C distal humeral fracture were treated with the AO anatomical locking compression plates. There were 5 males and 8 females with an average age of 52.1 years （range, 24-80 years）. Fractures were caused by tumbling in 7 cases, by traffic accident in 4 cases, and by falling from height in 2 cases. According to Association for Osteosynthesis/Orthopaedic Trauma Association （AO/OTA） classification, there were 3 cases of type C1, 6 cases of type C2, and 4 cases of type C3. Two cases complicated by ulnar nerve injuries, 1 by radial nerve injury, 2 by fractures of ulnar olecranon, 3 by fractures of other parts of extremities, and 6 by osteoporosis. The time from injury to hospitalization ranged from 3 hours to 4 days （0.9 day on average）. Results All the incisions achieved healing by first intention. Thirteen cases were followed up 12 to 21 months with an average of 15.9 months. According to the X-ray films, unions were achieved both at fracture site and the olecranon osteotomy site with a healing time of 8 to 13 weeks （10 weeks on average）. The function of elbows recovered from 3 to 32 weeks （10 weeks on average）. No fixation failure, myositis ossifican, delayed union, or malunion occurred during the follow-up. The Mayo Elbow Performance score ranged from 75 to 100 with an average score of 95.8; the results were excellent in 9 cases, good in 3 cases, and fair in 1 case with an excellent and good rate of 92.3%. Conclusion The AO anatomical locking compression plate has a good fixation in treating type C distal humeral fracture. Through the approach of olecranon osteotomy, it is easy to get anatomical reduction, stable fixation, and early exercise.