抗氢脆奥氏体钢及抗氢铝

HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT RESISTANCE OF AUSTENITIC ALLOYS AND ALUMINIUM ALLOYS

氢脆是一种由于金属材料中氢引起的材料塑性下降、开裂或损伤的现象.常用的抗氢合金有奥氏体不锈钢、沉淀强化奥氏体合金、低合金钢及铝合金等.由于奥氏体基体具有良好的抗氢脆性能,并且奥氏体合金可以通过沉淀强化提高其强度,因此这种合金作为结构件在氢环境下被广泛应用.中国科学院金属研究所开发了系列抗氢合金HR-1,HR-2,HR-3,J75和J100以及Al 6Mg 0.2Sc 0.15Zr抗氢铝合金,这些合金具有高的综合力学性能和抗氢性能.此外,合金的冶炼、铸、锻、焊、热处理都遵循各自的制备规律,严格控制其组织结构以达到提高抗氢损伤等性能的目的.

Hydrogen embrittlement is of the technological importance in which the hydrogen in metallic materials can cause the loss in tensile ductility, cracking or damage and degradation of other mechanical properties. The common hydrogen resistant alloys are austenitic stainless steels, precipitation strengthened austenitic alloys, low alloy steels and aluminum alloys etc.. As austenitic alloys have high hydrogen resistance properties and their strength can be improved by precipitation strengthening, they are commonly used in hydrogen conditions. IMR had developed a series hydrogen resistant steels, such as HR--1, HR2, HR3, J75 and J100 as well as Al-6Mg-0.2Sc-0.15Zr hydrogen resistant aluminum alloy. These alloys posses comprehensive mechanical properties and high hydrogen resistant ability. In addition, alloy smelting, casting, forging, welding and heat treatment should be followed the laws of the preparation. It is important to control the mierostructures in order to improve the performance of resistant hydrogen.