1883年长江三角洲地区台风灾害事件重建

Reconstruction of typhoon disasters in Changjiang River Delta Area in 1883

近年来,对台风活动特征以及由台风所引发的灾害的认识倍受关注。作者利用地方志、档案等文献资料,对1883年长江三角洲地区台风灾害事件从台风过程、台风灾害空间分布与灾情等方面进行了重建与分析,共辨识出3次对该地区有影响的主要台风过程,均发生在8月份,分别为8月3—7日(农历七月初一至初五)、8月22—24日(农历七月廿十至廿二)、8月29—30日(农历七月廿七至廿八);重建了该年典型台风灾害现象——风、雨、潮、啸以及所引发洪涝灾害的空间分布特征,受灾区域主要分布在浙江的杭嘉湖地区、绍兴和宁波,江苏苏州、扬州、镇江和常州以及上海等地,第2次台风过程的影响最严重。在苏南地区,台风过程与自春季持续至夏季梅雨期的洪涝相交叠使得灾情更为严重。

During recent years,characteristics of typhoon activities and disasters resulted by them were focused.In this paper,using historical chorographies and archives,typhoon disaster events in the Changjiang River Delta in 1883 were reconstructed and analyzed including typhoon courses,spatial distribution of various typhoon disasters.First,it identified three main typhoon processes which affected this area. They all happened in August,respectively in 3rd-7th August,22th-24th August and 29th-30th August.Second,it reconstructed the spatial distribution of various typhoon disasters including storm,rainstorm,tidal upsurge and flood and so on.The disastrous areas were distributed in Hangzhou,Jiaxing,Huzhou,Shaoxing and Ningbo in Zhejiang Province,and Suzhou,Yangzhou,Zhenjiang,Changzhou in Jiangsu Province and Shanghai,which were most severely affected by the landing of strong typhoon in 22th-24th August.The situation of flood disaster in Jiangsu was the most severe for the overlay of typhoon processes and Monsoon Rain（Meiyu in Chinese）.