论“国家理由”学说及其当代意义

On Theory of "Country Causes" and Its Contemporary Significance

古典政治哲学将国家学说建立在自然法基础上,自马基雅维里以来的近代政治哲学则是将国家学说建立在"国家理由"的基础上。如果说格劳秀斯还严格遵循着自然法传统,那么霍布斯对自然法的情感则非常复杂,他认为国家是在社会契约论的基础上建立起来的,而社会契约论的逻辑前提遵循了自然法。但在他论述国家主权和国家功能时却遵循了"国家理由",这影响了斯宾诺莎。"国家理由"后来逐渐演化为主导国际关系原则,不仅产生了积极作用,也产生了消极作用。为了人类发展需要,反思"国家理由"观念,应该把以人为本和构建和谐世界作为人类发展理念。

Classical political philosophy established country theories on the basis of natural law.Since Machiavelli,modern political philosophy did based on ＂country causes＂.if Grotius followed strictly the tradition of natural law,Hobbes＇ emotion about natural law was very complex.He believed that the state was founded on the basis of social contract theory,but the logic premise of social contract followed the natural law,followed the ＂country causes＂ when he discussed country sovereignty and country function,which affected Spinoza.＂Country cause＂ gradually evolved into leading principles of international relations,not only had a positive effect,but also had a negative effect.For mankind development requirement,we should take people as the foremost and build a harmonious world as the human development idea while reflecting on concepts of ＂country causes＂.