如何理解康德的哲学体系?

How to Understand the System of Kant's Philosophy?

康德哲学体系通常被解读为理论哲学与实践哲学的统一,或者由"三大批判"所呈现出的真、善、美的内容总括,从而致使人们忽视了其宗教哲学的地位。由于康德哲学的主旨在于解决"人是什么"的问题,而"三大批判"只是针对"我能够知道什么"与"我应当做什么"的回答,康德在第一批判、书信及晚年的《逻辑学讲义》等成熟著述中则明确提出其宗教哲学是为"我可以希望什么"而设的。因此,只有从理论哲学、实践哲学与宗教哲学的层面来理解康德哲学,才能真正接近康德哲学体系之要旨。

For quite a long time,some scholars,on Kant's system of philosophy,think it consists of his theoretical philosophy,practical philosophy;others consider it be made up of truth、good and aesthetics.On the basis of my reflections on Kant's literatures,especially his first critical philosophy(1781)、the letter to Carl Friedrich Staudlin(1793) and his later works,Kant used to asked himself the three questions:Was kann ich wissen(metaphysics);Was soll ich thun(moral);Was darf ich hoffen(religion).He later added the fourth and the most important one:Was ist Menschen.Given above-mentioned proofs,I conclude that Kant's philosophy is constitutive of theoretical philosophy,practical philosophy and religious philosophy.