高低自尊者不同记忆偏好的发生机制

The Mechanism of the Generation of Memory Bias of People With High or Low Self-Esteem

采用2(自尊水平:高/低)×2(信息效价:积极/消极)×2(实验情境:不限时间/限制时间)混合设计探讨了307名不同自尊大学生记忆偏好的发生机制。结果发现:(1)不限加工时间时高自尊者比低自尊者有更强的积极记忆偏好,但这种个体间差异在加工时间受限(500ms)时消失;(2)加工时间受限时,高低自尊者都有相对于消极信息的积极信息记忆偏好。这提示高自尊者在意识层面上更积极的记忆偏好很可能是采用自我增强策略的结果,而在无意识自动化水平上高低自尊者都更多加工积极自我信息。

The mechanism of the generation of memory bias for self-relevant information of 307 undergraduate participants with high or low self-esteem was explored with a mixed experimental design of 2 （level of self-esteem：high/low） × 2 （valence of information：positive/negative） × 2 （experimental treatment：unlimited time/ limited time）. It showed 1） participants with high self-esteem had stronger memory bias for positive self-relevant information than those with low self-esteem when processing time was not limited,but this difference disappeared when processing time was limited to 500ms; 2） under the condition of limited time,participants,with high or low self-esteem alike,had memory bias for positive self-relevant information rather than negative one. It suggested this positive bias of high self-esteem comes from a conscious self-enhancing or self-protective strategy and all people regardless of their self-esteem level tend to process positive self-relevant information unconsciously and automatically.