汉代“经方”的著录与“本草”关系考

Recording of classical prescriptions and materia medica in the Han Dynasty

《神农本草经》始见于梁代的《七录》，而《汤液经法》则见于《汉书·艺文志》。按知识发生发展的一般规律，药物知识应先于方剂知识存在。从文献的发生和著录来看，作为经方一类的《汤液经法》著录于西汉的《七略》之中，远早于《神农本草经》。那么，西汉及之前的药物知识存于何处？对汉代经方著录和有关本草的记述进行考证，可以发现汉代以前相当长时期内，本草与汤液知识合为一体，西汉刘向等校书时，皆将之归入“经方”一类。东汉时，应辨证组方、规范用药的需求，本草遂脱胎于“经方”而自成一类。

Shennong Bencaojing was orignally recorded in Qi Lu of the Liang Dynasty and Tangye Jingfa （ about prescriptions） was originally recorded in Hanshu Yiwenzhi. According to the norm of the development of knowledge, knowledge about medical herbs should have been formed before that of prescriptions. In accordance with literature, Tangye Jingifa is recorded in QI Lue of the Western Hart Dynasty, which was compiled much earlier than Shennong Bencaojing. So where was the knowledge about herbs recorded in the Western Han Dynasty and before？ It was found after textual research that knowledge about medical herbs was recorded together with prescriptions long before the Han Dynasty. In the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Xiang and his colleagues placed herbs under the catalogue of prescriptions when they proofread books. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, materia medica became a single category due to the need to compose prescriptions according to syndrome differentiation and the standardization of herbal administration.