《法象论》发微--戴震“气化”思想的目的论意义

An Exploration of On Rules and the World——The goal of Dai Zhen's ideas of "being spiritual"

作为戴震首篇义理论著,《法象论》从"气化"角度阐明了对天人之道与人性的理解。"气化"的过程被描述为"生生而条理",这表明天人之道不仅是自然"生生"的过程,而且"内在"地蕴含着自身的规定性。同样,以"气化"为基础的人性既包括"血气"这一自然事实,也包括"天德"这一具有规范性的道德意识,人性中的自然事实与道德规范保持着内在的一致性。戴震的"气化"思想呈现出目的论色彩:"气化"创生的过程以"条理"作为自身的内在目的;自然人性以道德倾向为其内在目的。由此,戴震得以肯定情欲中内在的道德意义,并最终提出"归于必然适完其自然"的人性理论。

On Rules and the World is Dai Zhen＇s first writing on philosophy. In this essay, Dai focused on the consistency between rules of heaven and rules of human. Through the perspective of ＂being spiritual＂, Dai not only manifested ＂the rules＂ as a productive process which embodies its regularity internally, but also demonstrated human nature as a unity of ＂spirit＂ and ＂the instinct moral＂. ＂Being spiritual＂ keeps inner teleological structure in itself, on the basis of which, Dai Zhen illuminated rules and human nature as compounds of facts and value, and finally admitted the moral sense in various desires, then built up a theo- ry of ＂being natural on the defined route＂.