植物次生代谢产物对瘤胃发酵调控的研究进展

Recent Advances in Plants Secondary Metabolites and Their Application as Rumen Fermentation Manipulating Agents in Ruminants

瘤胃发酵调控在反刍动物营养与饲料产品研究中占有重要地位。近年来大量研究证实,植物提取物中含有生物碱、皂苷、萜类、挥发精油等多种生物活性成分,具有抗菌、促生长、提高免疫力和抗氧化等功能,同时具有调控反刍动物瘤胃发酵模式,提高氮存留,减少甲烷排放的功能。因此,植物次生代谢产物作为反刍动物饲料添加剂研究和应用将成为研究的热点,对发展反刍动物绿色营养技术、提高饲料利用效率和保护环境起到积极作用。本文针对目前应用于反刍动物饲料添加剂的植物次生代谢产物的来源、种类、组成特性和应用做了综述,以期对今后我国该领域的研究和产品开发提供参考价值。

Nutrition of ruminants is dominated by manipulation of the microbial fermentation that occurs in the rumen.Feed additives of natural origin were the potential of plant extracts as beneficial manipulators of ruminal fermentation.In recent years,many researches confirm that plants produce secondary metabolites,such as alkaloids,saponins,tannins,terpenoid,essential oil and other compositions,which have antimicrobial,growth-promoting,antioxidation,and immunological enhancing properties,making them to be potential alternatives to antibiotics to manipulate microbial activities in the rumen.Thus,research and applications of plant secondary metabolites as ruminant feed additives will become a focus.The objectives of this paper are to review the most important findings on effects of the plant extracts in the rumen,to describe their identified origins,categories,effective components and modes of action,and to provide some ideas for further investigation and applications of plant extracts in ruminant nutrition.