发酵谷物液体饲料对超早期断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道微生物菌群多样性的影响

Effects of Fermented Liquid Cereal Grain Feed on Growth Performance and Intestinal Microbial Flora Diversity of Early-weaned Piglets

本研究旨在评价发酵谷物液体饲料对超早期断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道微生物菌群多样性的影响。选取144头(14±2)日龄断奶的杜长大健康仔猪,按完全随机区组原则分为2个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复12头猪,对照组饲喂固态饲料,试验组饲喂发酵谷物液体饲料,试验期28 d。于试验结束时,每重复选3头猪,肛门采集粪样,等比例混合均匀后提取基因组DNA,采用16S rDNA PCR-DGGE技术分析肠道微生物菌群多样性。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组平均日采食量提高22.63%(P<0.01),平均日增重提高13.50%(P<0.05);对照组和试验组样品16S rDNA PCR-DGGE指纹图谱非加权算术平均组对(UPGMA)聚类分析分别聚为一类;试验组仔猪肠道微生物菌群Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(P<0.01)、Pielou均匀度指数(P=0.06)和丰富度指数(P<0.05)均高于对照组,Simpson优势度指数(P<0.01)低于对照组。上述结果提示,发酵谷物液体饲料能促进仔猪消化道在经历断奶应激后建立菌群多样性丰富且平衡的微生态系统,进而改善仔猪生长性能。

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of fermented liquid cereal grain feed on growth performance and intestinal microbial flora diversity of early-weaned piglets.One hundred and forty-four Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire piglets were weaned at（14±2） days of age and allotted into two dietary groups in a completely randomized block design with 6 replicates in each group and 12 pigs in each replicate.The two dietary groups（all non-heated and non-pelleted diets） were dry meal diet（DRY） and fermented liquid cereal grain feed（FLG）.The trial lasted for 28 days.When the trial was over,3 piglets from each replicate were selected for collection of feces samples at anus.The 3 feces samples from the same replicate were mixed for extraction of genomic DNA and 16S rDNA PCR-DGGE analysis of microbial flora.The results indicated that piglets fed FLG had significantly higher average daily feed intake（22.63%,P0.01） and better average daily weight gain（13.50%,P0.05） than piglets fed DRY.The lanes in DGGE gel electrophoresis images were completely divided into two clusters corresponding to treatments by UPGMA analysis.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index（P0.01）,Pielou＇s evenness index（P=0.06） and richness index（P0.05） were all increased significantly while Simpson dominance index（P0.01） was decreased significantly in feces sample from FLG-fed piglets compared to DRY-fed piglets.The results suggest that FLG can facilitate early-weaned piglets to restructure a highly diverse and balanced bacterial community structure in hindgut,and to enhance growth performance.