民族村寨生产和生活方式变迁的生态影响研究——以西双版纳勐腊县为例

Ecological Impact of the Change of Ethnic Village Production and Life Style: A Case of Mengla in Xishuangbanna

由于在社会形态上具有较强的封闭性,边疆民族地区生产生活方式具有较强的传统特征。但是随着全球化的加速,以标准化和现代化为特征的生产生活方式迅速地取代了民族村寨传统的生产生活方式。新的现代元素的介入,改变了人们对资源环境的利用方式,打破了民族村寨原有的人类行为与生态环境的平衡关系,并开启了一个新的人与生态环境关系重新构建的过程。文章以云南西双版纳勐腊县为例,通过田野调查,研究勐腊民族村寨生产生活方式的改变导致的环境影响。研究表明,尽管民族村寨生产生活方式现代化在某些方面对区域生态环境产生了积极的影响,但是土地利用方式、作物种类的单一化和高能耗、高污染的现代农业生产方式的采用,带来了区域环境污染风险加大、生物多样性减少、局部小气候恶化、原生生境破碎化和水资源减少等诸多环境问题。

Due to having more sealing property in social formation, characteristics of production and life style in frontier minority area are more traditional. But with the process of globalization, the traditional production and life style in ethnic village was displaced rapidly by the more standardization and modernization style. New modern elements has changed the use patterns of resource and environment, and disturbed the original equilibrium relationship of human behavior and ecological environment in ethnic villages. Then the process of reconstruction for the new relationship between human and ecological environment was set. In this paper, Mengla in Xishuangbanna was taken for a case. By field investigation the environment impact caused by production and life style change in Mengla ethnic village was researched. The results showed that, modernization of production and life style in ethnic village had a positive effect on regional eco-environment in some aspects; however, land use, singleness of crop species, and modern agriculture production mode of high energy consumption and high pollution had brought about many environmental problems, such as regional environmental pollution risk increase, biodiversity decrease, local microclimate degeneration, primary habit fragmentation, and water resource reduce.