濒危兰科植物再引入技术及其应用

Re-introduction technology and its application in the conservation of endangered orchid

稀有、濒危植物的再引入,是在条件成熟时,把经过迁地保护的人工繁殖体重新放回到它们原来自然和半自然的生态系统或适合它们生存的野外环境中去,重建较为完善的生态系统。再引入技术的目标在于提高生态系统生物多样性及群落稳定性,建立可自我维持种群,它是继就地保护和迁地保护等保护策略之外的一种新兴的珍稀濒危植物保育方式。国际上再引入技术的研究刚起步,高度成功的还不多,目前可借鉴的成熟经验较少。通过分析国内外已经开展的若干珍稀濒危植物再引入技术案例,重点介绍国内外濒危兰科植物再引入的研究现状、技术体系和评价标准,讨论了再引入技术的类型和方法,并总结了可能影响再引入成败的制约性因素,分析了适用于兰科植物的再引入技术要素。由此提出濒危兰科植物再引入的重要现实意义,为今后的规模化人工栽培提供科学依据,同时有利于指导其他濒危植物再引入技术规程的制定。

Re-introduction method,introducing the human-bred seedlings of a species into its natural distributed area,can effectively conserve the endangered and rare species in natural situation and may help to reconstruct a degraded ecosystem associated with species loss.Re-introduction aims to improve ecosystem diversity and community stability,to rebuilt sustainable populations,and consequently to become an effective method in conservation of endangered and rare species,as well as the early-developed conservation methods including in-situ and ex-situ conservation methods.Re-introduction has been developed internationally for a relatively short time with little highly successful case,which could mainly attributed to inappropriate environmental factors in the reintroducing sites and lack of knowledge about the biology and ecology of the target species.In present paper,by reviewing several re-introduction case-studies and some criterions of international organizations of plant conservation,we discussed the detailed technology and evaluation of the effectiveness about the re-introduction method（mainly focus on endangered Orchid） and summarized the main feasible conditionality of a successful re-introduction.A better understanding of the biology and ecology of the conserved plant and the selection of proper reintroducing sites are emphasized as major elements for the success of re-introduction.Furthermore,the main types and elements of re-introduction method in orchid conservation are also explained.We pointed out that the re-introduction of endangered and rare orchids is particularly difficult since they are often having a deep symbiosis with other organisms such as fungi and host plants.Before re-introduction of an orchid is carried out,we should provide the mutualist either in the environments or implanting into the conserved orchids,as well as constructing the suitable conditions in introducing sites for them.Finally,we proposed some future developments of re-introduction method,which can be used as a guide to the species conservation in a larger scale,not only for the orchid but also for the other species.