生物质气化节能灶在燃煤型氟中毒病区推广应用研究

Promotion and Application of Biomass Gasification Energy-Saving Stoves in Burning Coal Fluorosis Areas

目的了解生物质气化灶的设计原理及主要技术指标,评价使用效果,为其在燃煤型氟中毒病区推广应用提供科学依据。方法调查生物质气化灶生产厂家关于该灶的设计原理和主要技术指标及产品实验数据。随机抽取5户居民调查使用生物质气化灶前后用煤量、用柴量、炊事时间、测定旺火期、封火期空气氟浓度、尿氟含量,计算平均值。结果生物质气化灶具有节能减排、卫生、热效率高、操作安全简单、环保等特点,平均用煤量、用柴量分别为4.77 kg/d、8.42 kg/d,与未使用前比较减少了50.47%、61.20%。炊事时间减少0.46 h/d。旺火期、封火期空气氟浓度与使用前比较,均有所下降;旺火期(F=9.68,P<0.05),封火期(F=91.91,P<0.05),均有统计学意义。尿氟有一定程度下降。结论生物质气化灶有节能、卫生、安全、易行,使用寿命长,操作简单等优点,能够有效降低病区群众受到燃煤型氟中毒的危害,在燃煤型氟中毒病区具有推广应用价值。

Objective To understand the biomass gasification stove design principles and the main technical indicators,evaluate the used results and provide a scientific basis of the coal-burning fluorosis in the popularization and application.Methods The design principles and key technical indicators and product test data were collected.5 households were randomly selected to investigate the contents of coal stove before and after the use of biomass gasification,wood volume used,cooking time,stir determination period,bank up a fire on air fluoride concentration and fluoride content in urine.Results The biomass gasification stove had the characteristics of energy conservation,sanitation,high thermal efficiency,simple and safe operation and environmental protection.The average coal consumption and the wood volume were 4.77,8.42 kg / day respectively,decreasing 50.47%,61.20% than those before using biomass gasification stove.Cooking time was reduced 0.46 h / day.Urinary fluoride had a certain decrease between before use and after use,which had a significant difference,stir determination period（F=9.68,P0.05）,bank up period（F=91.91,P0.05）.Conclusion The biomass gasification stove can effectively reduce the hazards in the endemic fluorosis areas.It deserves to be popularized in coal-burning fluorosis areas.