两部法律与阿伊努人的命运——从《北海道旧土人保护法》到《阿伊努文化振兴法》

Two Laws and the Fate of Ainu——From The Law on the Protection of Old Aborigines in Hokkaido to The Law on the Rejuvenation of Ainu Culture

阿伊努人是日本的土著民族,历史上因长期遭受大和民族政权的殖民开拓和强制同化而曾濒临民族灭绝的境地。1899年明治政府出台的《北海道旧土人保护法》在救济性有限保护阿伊努人的同时,亦使政府的强制同化政策完全合法化,严重阻碍了阿伊努民族文化的发展。二战后,在阿伊努人民族"文化自觉"实践的促动下,在日本有识之士的支持下,特别是在国际原住民运动的影响下,阿伊努问题开始受到日本社会的普遍关注。日本政府于1997年颁布了《阿伊努文化振兴法》,结束了对阿伊努人持续百年的同化政策,不仅对阿伊努人的民族生存与发展具有重要意义,而且也标志多元文化主义理念在当代日本取得了重大胜利。

As one of the aborigines in Japan,the Ainu was once at the verge of ethnic extinction because of the Yamato＇s colonial exploration and enforced assimiliation.The Law on the Protection of Old Aborigines in Hokkaido,enacted in 1899 during the reign of the emperor Meiji Tenno,gave full legitimacy of the enforced assimiliation under the pretense of limited charitable protection of the Ainu,which severely impeded the development of Ainu culture.After WWII,motivated by the Ainu practice of ＂cultural awareness＂ and international indigenous movement,the Ainu issue has gained nation-wide concerns.In 1997,the unveiling of The Law on the Rejuvenation of Ainu Culture by the Japanese government,which put an end to the 100-year＇s running of assimilation,not only is of great importance to the survival and development of the Ainu,but also marks the victory of multicultural concept in contemporary Japanese society.