伊利亚德萨满教研究的基本特点及其影响

The Characteristics and Impacts of Mircea Eliade's Shamanism Study

著名萨满教研究专家伊利亚德的《萨满教——古老的入迷技术》是萨满教研究史上的里程碑式的著作,它不仅改变了以往的萨满教心理学研究趋向,把萨满教引入宗教学的研究领域,而且创造了萨满教研究的原型,并把这种原型应用到各个文化语境和不同宗教种类的研究之中,推动了萨满教普遍化、超历史化的研究潮流。伊利亚德的著作引来众多的追随者,也遭致很多批评。本文针对伊利亚德的著作特点及其影响进行学术上的回顾和评价。

The book Shamanism——Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy,written by Mircea Eliade,the famous specialist on Shamanism,is a masterpiece of milestone significance in the study of Shamanism.It not only diverted the trend of the study of Shamanism from psychological aspect into religious,but also promoted the generalization and transhistoricalization of Shamanism by creating a prototype which can be applied to the studies in different cultural contexts and of different religions.Although the book attracts lots of followers,it induces criticism.The paper provides a general review and comment on its characteristics and impacts.