血液透析患者乙型肝炎病毒感染的流行病学调查

Epidemiological Investigation of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Hemodialysis Patients

目的了解血液透析患者乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染情况及其影响因素,为制定预防HBV感染措施提供科学依据。方法采用自行设计的调查问卷,对江苏省某些血液透析中心529名透析患者进行调查,同时抽取空腹静脉血进行相关检测。结果血透患者中HBsAg阳性率为7.18%,HBV感染率为46.50%,HBV对不同特征血液透析人群普遍易感,透析年限、透析器重复使用史和牙科手术史与透析患者感染HBV有关。多因素分析显示,透析年限和牙科手术史为感染HBV的独立影响因素。结论在血液透析患者HBV的感染中,医源性因素起着主要作用,应采取严格的消毒措施,降低HBV感染率。

[ Objective] To investigate the infection status of hepatitis B virus （ HBV ） among hemodialysis patients and its influencing factors, provide scientific basis for making preventive measures against HBV infection. [ Methods ] 529 hemodialysis patients from some hemodialysis centers in Jiangsu were investigated with self-designed questionnaires, and fasting venous blood samples of patients were collected for related tests. [ Results] Among 529 hemodialysis patients, the positive rate of HBsAg was 7.18%, and the infection rate was 46.50%. The hemodialysis patients with different characteristics were susceptible to HBV universally. The HBV infection rate of hemodialysis patients was related to length of time on hemodialysis, repeated use of dialyzer and history of dental sur- gery. The multivariate analysis showed that and length of time on hemodialysis and history of dental surgery were independent influencing factors of HBV infection. [ Conclusion ] The iatrogenic factors play a major role in HBV infection among hemodialysis patients. The strict disinfection measures should be taken to decrease the infection rate of HBV.