试析诺齐克的个人权利理论

Comments on Nozick's Entitlement Theory

诺齐克主要从个人权利的获取、个人权利的转让以及对个人权利的矫正这三个方面阐释了个人权利理论。在诺齐克看来,个人拥有的权利不仅是绝对的而且是排他的,并且,个人对其拥有的权利享有很强的自由裁量性。批评者们通常认为,由于诺齐克的个人权利理论缺乏坚实的认识论基础,所以,他不仅没有为我们展示出一个完全清晰的、能够得到充分辩护的权利观念,而且亦没有为我们提供一个有足够说服力的权利获取以及矫正的原则。

Nozick illustrates the entitlement theory from three aspects -a principle of justice in acquisition, a principle of justice in transfer, and a principle of justice in rectification. From his perspective, the entitlement one possesses is not only absolute but also exclusive, and one enjoys a highly discretionary nature of his entitlement. Critics usually assume that because of the lack of a solid epistemological basis for Nozick＇s entitlement theory, he did neither present us a fully clear and defensive entitlement concept, nor provide us with a persuasive enough principle of acquiring and ratifying entitlement.