从不同类型幼儿园经费收支状况看城市学前教育的发展

An Analysis of Fund Balance from Three Different Types of Kindergartens

不同类型幼儿园的经费收支状况表明不同类型幼儿园的办园成本不同,其中自收自支型公办园与差额拨款型公办园都因政府财政投入不足而运转困难,资金十分紧张;小区配套民办幼儿园的成本开支最大,在良性运转模式下需较高收费方能维持。生存的压力迫使前两种类型的公办园不得不在实际运作中扩大班额,举办举趣班,压缩教师工资、福利及公用开支等;而对利润的追求与对尽快回收成本的迫切希望也促使民办园在实际运作中扩大招生,尽力压缩教师待遇与公用开支。可以说在政府投入与扶持十分匮乏的情况下,无论公办园还是民办园都面临着生存的困难与无奈。为改变这种现状,政府应积极承担起发展学前教育的职责,一方面全额投入、全力办好城市公办园,使之能切实发挥示范与引领的作用,另一方面积极扶持和引导民办园良性运作和发展,将民办园纳入统一的管理体系,在对幼儿园评级分类、财政性经费投入与分配等方面使之享受与公办园同等的待遇。虽然目前城市一般已基本普及学前三年教育,但是以家长的较高经济负担为代价的,未能充分体现学前教育的普惠性质与公益性,因此未来城市学前教育的发展仍应致力于优先保证适龄幼儿学前教育的基本普及,这需要政府有相应的政策和经费保证,同时合理利用社会力量,根据居民收入水平让家庭合理分担成本,营造全社会共同办好学前教育的局面。

To explore the reason of high kindergarten charges in city, fund .balance of three different types of kindergartens was analysed. The conclusion is： different types of kindergartens have different costs, the supplying of funds from government is insufficient in city public kindergartens, and high charges is in existence because of high costs in private kindergartens. To maintain the healthy operation of the kindergartens, a clear financial input channels must be built, which requires the government to ensure appropriate policies and funds, and rational use of social forces, and a reasonable sharing mechanism according to family income level, and create a situation of jointly running the best preschool education in the whole society.