青岛近海夏、秋季生物气溶胶分布特征研究

Concentration Distribution of Bioaerosol in Summer and Autumn in the Qingdao Coastal Region

于2009年7～11月采用Andersen生物粒子采样器在青岛近海连续采集了生物气溶胶样品,应用荧光显微镜计数法和平板计数法测定了总微生物(包括"可培养类"和"非可培养类")、"可培养类"陆源及海源微生物的浓度.结果表明,总微生物中"非可培养类"微生物平均占总微生物的99.58%;"可培养类"微生物平均仅为0.42%;海源细菌和海源真菌占"可培养类"微生物平均比例(分别为18.99%和45.47%)高于陆源细菌和陆源真菌(分别为16.91%和18.63%);说明海源细菌和海源真菌对"可培养类"微生物的贡献远大于陆源类,尤其是海源真菌的贡献较大,可见,青岛近海生物气溶胶的组成和分布明显受到海洋的影响.总微生物浓度秋季为181 682.5 CFU/m3,明显高于夏季(159 704.2 CFU/m3),陆源细菌、海源细菌及海源真菌浓度也是秋季大于夏季;总微生物粒径呈现对数正态分布,主要分布在粗粒子(>2.1μm)中;最高峰出现在3.3～4.7μm,0.65～1.1μm粒径的粒子浓度最低."可培养类"细菌呈现偏态分布,最高峰出现在>7μm的粗粒子中,最低峰出现在0.65～1.1μm的细粒子中."可培养类"真菌粒径分布近似对数正态分布,最高峰为2.1～3.3μm的粗粒子,0.65～1.1μm的细粒子浓度最低.

Bioaerosol samples were collected using an Andersen sampler from Jul. 2009 to Nov. 2009 in the Qingdao coastal region. Total microbe （ including ＇ culturable microbe＇ and ＇ non-culturable microbe＇ ） ,the terrigenous and marine microbe were analyzed by the counting methods of fluorescence microscope and Petri dishes containing agar media. The results showed that the proportion of noncuhurable microbe to total microbe was as high as 99.58% of total on average, while the average proportion of cuhurable microbe to total microbe was 0. 42% . The average proportions of marine bacteria/fungi did to the culturable microbe （ 18. 99% and 45.47% respectively） were more than that of terrigenous bacteria/fungi （16. 91% and 18.63% respectively） , therefore marine bacteria/fungi contributed more to the microbe than terrigenous bacteria/fungi. It could be seen that the composition and concentration distribution were greatly affected by the ocean in the Qingdao coastal region. The average concentrations of total microbe were higher in Autumn （ 181 682.5 CFU/m^3 ） than that in Summer （ 159 704.2 CFU/m^3 ）, and that of terrigeuous bacteria, marine bacteria/fungi were also higher in Autumn than in Summer. The particle sizes of total microbe presented a log-normal distribution＂ in summer and autumn, and the total microbe mainly existed in coarse particles larger than 2. 1 μm. There was the highest proportion of total microbe in 3.3-4.7 μm particles, the lowest one in 0. 65-1.1μm. The terrigenous and marine bacterial particle sizes showed a skew distribution with a higher value in large particles （ 〉 7 μm） and a lower one in fine particles （0. 65- 1.1μm）. The terrigenous and marine fungal particle sizes showed a log-normal distribution in summer and autumn, and the highest concentration proportion existed in particles with diameter of 2. 1- 3.3 μm.